Verification and Validation

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An obvious requirement and one of the most important aspects of the framework’s functionality is the ability to verify and validate the correctness of computational processes performed in a network and establish a way to validate good users/components, reward good actors and punish bad actors.

The ability to verify and validate each general computational process in a decentralized network can only be performed in a decentralized way, which means that NuNet as a whole will not attempt to provide guarantees of the correctness of each process and computational workflow performed in the network. Instead, the framework will provide APIs, tools, network-wide telemetry information, and reputation system(s) that will enable each constituent of the network (network operations agent) to evaluate the validity and correctness of concrete results of the computational processes in question. Through network-wide telemetry information available to all constituents of the network, NuNet will facilitate the self-learning and healing capabilities of the framework effectively minimising the impact of bad actors on the overall network performance as well as the results of individual computational processes.

Main aspects which will ensure the reliability of the NuNet network and the validity of its individual computational processes are:

1. The tokenomic mechanism supported by implicit and explicit reputation systems, on top of technical means of verification and validation, will provide immediate and clear economic incentives for the good (i.e. beneficial for all) behavior of network constituents;

2. The variant of the non-repudiation/proof of receipt mechanism, where new tokens will be minted and distributed to platform users upon successful completion of a transaction and based on actual computing power used by this transaction - a crucial part of NuNet tokenomics.

3. NuNet will also make the best use of formal third-party verification tools, such as those developed by SingularityNET, TrueBit, zkSNARKs, or other open-source protocols or even businesses, as well as encourage using secure hardware enclaves. However, formal verification methods are an active research field and are not available for verifying computations in general - only in specific cases. Therefore, NuNet will mostly rely on tokenomic and reputation-based mechanisms, while integrating formal work verification methods for specific use cases where it is appropriate. In the future, NuNet will aim to provide an API for integrating third-party formal verification tools for general usage.